Checklist-Based Testing: How to Use Testing Checklists in QA
Checklist-based testing is not an entirely new concept in software testing, but lately, more and more people are discovering its benefits. Today, we want you to get to know this type of testing better, understand its uses, benefits, and challenges, and see a real-life example of a testing checklist. Let’s start with the basics.
What Is Checklist-Based Testing?
Checklist-based testing is a method of software testing that is based on the testing engineer’s experience and requires a checklist to be created as the tests progress. This is essentially a test design technique that is used by QA engineers to create testing checklists while testing a product or to add useful information about the product and its behavior to an already existing checklist. With the help of this technique, QA engineers can design, create, and run tests to cover every test condition included in the checklist.
Requirements for Checklist-Based Testing
While analyzing the functionality of the product that is about to be tested, the engineers either create a new testing checklist or expand an existing one. Typically, these checklists are created based on the engineer’s experience, knowledge of the product and the industry (specifically, how the product and its surroundings function and what can get the product to stop functioning properly), as well as an understanding of the importance of the product for the end user.
Checklists can be created to support various types of testing, including both functional and non-functional tests. To perform checklist-based testing, an experienced QA engineer can use the product itself, as well as the complete range of the available product documentation, including:
- Software product requirements (BRS, SRS);
- Acceptance criteria, which are described in functional stories;
- High-level checklists;
- ISO and IEEE standards.
The next step is combining the discovered artifacts with the engineer’s experience and knowledge about the way software products operate, and converting them into a new checklist or adding them to an existing one.
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Example of Checklist-Based Testing
Even for many seasoned QA engineers, checklist-based testing is still a relatively new concept, and what better way to get a deeper understanding of it than with the help of an example? For the purpose of this example, let’s create a checklist from scratch to test our company website, https://qarea.com/.
The first thing to do here is to identify the main components, the so-called modules and submodules, based on their benefits for the business and for the end user.
Besides the standard elements such as Header, Homepage, and Footer on the https://qarea.com/ website, there are also some main elements — these are coincidentally our modules, which have their own submodules. Another noteworthy element are the multiple contact forms placed around the website: they are meant to attract new potential customers for the company, which means they need to be tested with particular attention to detail.
Given everything we’ve said above, a high-level testing checklist for https://qarea.com/ can look like this:
| ID | Name/Idea | Test Result | |
| Environment1 | Environment2 | ||
| 1 | Header | ||
| 2 | Homepage | ||
| 3 | Company | ||
| 3.1 | Pricing | ||
| 3.2 | Career | ||
| 3.3 | About Us | ||
| 4 | Services | ||
| 4.1 | Design | ||
| 4.2 | Development | ||
| 4.3 | Testing & QA | ||
| 5 | Team Extension | ||
| 5.1 | Front-End | ||
| 5.2 | Back-End | ||
| 5.3 | Mobile | ||
| 6 | Industries | ||
| 6.1 | eCommerce | ||
| 6.2 | Healthcare | ||
| 6.3 | Finance & Banking | ||
| 7 | Portfolio | ||
| 8 | Footer | ||
It’s also possible to expand this checklist to a low-level one, depending on the requirements and the available resources. For example, we can take the Homepage component and create the following checklist based on this element, adding supplementary elements, such as Additional information, to it if necessary.
| ID | Name/Idea | Additional information | Test Result | |
| Environment1 | Environment2 | |||
| 2 | Homepage | |||
| 2.1 | The “Hire now” button | |||
| 2.1.1 | Verify that the “Hire now” button changes color while you hover over it. | 1. The “Hire now” button should become black. 2. Text should become red. | ||
| 2.1.1 | The “Tell us about your project” contact form should open after you click the “Hire now” button. | |||
| 2.2 | “We Help With” block | |||
| 2.2.1 | Verify that the “We Help With” block consists of 3 tabs:Services;Technologies;Industries. | |||
| 2.2.2 | Verify that the “Technologies” link is underlined by default. | Underlining should be indicated with a red line. | ||
| 2.3 | The “Get in Touch” button | |||
| 2.3.1 | Verify that the “Get in Touch” button changes color when you hover over it. | 1. The “Get in Touch” button should become red. 2. Text should become white. | ||
| 2.3.1 | The “Tell us about your project” contact form should open after you click the “Get in Touch” button. | |||
And that is far from all the tests you can run all over the website to test its performance, UI, and other metrics. Creating a detailed testing checklist is going to come in handy multiple times and in more than one way for the whole team:
- QA engineers will be able to reuse it at the next stages of the testing process as it is or after expanding it according to their experience, as well as after the redesign of the whole website or its elements.
- Checklist-based testing is a far less time-consuming process than creating checklists and separately running tests based on them, given that you spend most of your time and effort on the setup stage of this test design technique. The only time you’ll need to invest more time and money into the same testing checklist is when the product undergoes significant changes.
- Testing checklists can be a great way to introduce junior QA engineers both to the testing process and the product itself. The company gets to save resources on training and can get the new engineers to work on real-life projects faster.
Different Software Testing Types Where Checklists Can Be Used
The process of quality assurance and quality control involves a wide range of testing activities, some more common than others. Many of those activities and testing types can positively impact from a thoroughly crafted software quality control checklist. Here are the top 5 types of testing that can benefit significantly from using a software testing checklist.
Functional Testing
Checklists in functional testing help ensure thorough and systematic validation of each feature, reducing the risk of missed functionalities and enhancing coverage of user interface elements, error handling, and workflows. This leads to a more reliable and user-friendly product. Here is what a functional testing checklist typically focuses on:
- Confirm all user interface elements (buttons, forms, links) work as intended
- Validate that expected outputs are correct for given inputs
- Check the proper integration between modules
- Verify error messages are displayed for invalid inputs
Usability Testing
Checklists in usability testing help ensure that all key aspects of user experience are consistently evaluated, leading to a more accessible, engaging, and user-friendly product. This systematic approach allows QA teams to catch usability issues early, reducing the need for costly redesigns and boosting user satisfaction by addressing potential pain points before launch. Typical focus areas of usability testing checklists include:
- Ensure intuitive navigation and ease of use
- Verify visual consistency across all pages and elements
- Confirm responsive design on different devices
- Test accessibility features, such as alt text for images and keyboard navigation
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Performance Testing
Checklists help ensure that all critical performance aspects, such as response time and scalability, are tested consistently. By standardizing these checks, QA teams can efficiently verify that the application meets performance requirements under various conditions, ensuring a smoother user experience. Testers usually focus on the following:
- Assess application response times under various loads
- Measure CPU and memory usage during operation
- Test scalability across different levels of concurrent users
Security Testing
Checklists in security testing provide a structured way to confirm that all critical security areas are reviewed, including data validation, encryption, and access controls. This systematic approach strengthens the application’s security by ensuring that no security requirement is overlooked, which is vital for protecting user data and maintaining trust. Security testing checklists often include the following activities:
- Check for input validation to prevent injection attacks
- Verify encryption protocols are in place for data security
- Confirm access control mechanisms work for user authentication/authorization
Regression Testing
Using checklists in regression testing ensures that critical features remain intact after updates or bug fixes. This consistency in coverage reduces the risk of new defects impacting previously stable functionalities, enhancing the product’s long-term stability and reliability. The list of tasks in a regression testing checklist can include:
- Test previously validated functionalities to ensure they work after updates
- Verify key workflows and interactions for stability
- Confirm high-priority features perform consistently post-updates
How to Use Software QA Checklists at Different Stages of Testing
Quality assurance checklists have countless uses in the modern software testing paradigm. The ubiquity and handiness of software testing checklists have made them a valuable addition to any quality assurance process. Still, the implementation of checklist QA on different stages of the testing process can have its own peculiarities. Here is how to use checklists at different stages of the testing cycle.
1. Requirements Analysis
During the requirement analysis phase, a checklist can ensure that every client requirement is documented, understandable, and testable, minimizing ambiguity and setting the foundation for clear test objectives. Key items include reviewing both functional and non-functional requirements, checking for clear acceptance criteria, and ensuring regulatory or compliance standards are considered.
2. Test Planning
In test planning, a checklist helps the testing team verify that their approach aligns with the project’s scope and objectives. It confirms that resources, timelines, and potential risks are accurately assessed, ensuring the test plan is comprehensive. This stage’s checklist might include reviewing coverage scope, determining test types like functional, performance, and security testing, and ensuring resource allocation and risk mitigation measures.
3. Test Design
During test design, a checklist provides a structured approach to creating test cases that address all essential functionalities and user scenarios. This stage ensures that both expected and edge-case scenarios are covered comprehensively. Items typically checked here include the following aspects of the software testing process: ensuring each requirement is addressed, setting up environment configurations, and defining how boundary cases are handled.
4. Test Execution
In the test execution phase of the testing process, checklists track progress and completion across smoke, functional, and regression testing phases, confirming that each planned test case is executed consistently and any defects are reported. This phase’s checklist helps monitor whether every test plan is completed, test outcomes are well-documented, and any defects are quickly flagged for resolution.
5. Closure
After testing, during the post-testing and closure phase, checklists confirm all required documentation is finalized, test cases are closed or reassessed as necessary, and critical issues are resolved or escalated. Post-testing checklists include reviewing summary reports, ensuring that all critical issues are resolved, preparing a final sign-off on test completion, and noting any lessons learned for future projects.
Advantages of Using Checklists in Testing
Even though checklist-based testing is meant to make the testing process more efficient, it still means an extra step in your routine, so you need some strong reasons to do it. These are the three biggest benefits of introducing checklist-based testing to your established QA procedure.
- Checklist-based testing proves to be very effective when you need to perform end-to-end testing to cover the entire functionality of the product following the guidelines by QA experts.
- Using this test design technique after running the main test suite helps locate potentially critical bugs and minimize the probability of missing important tests.
- Checklists help new QA engineers approach testing new products more confidently and more efficiently since they already have a set of tools for that first crucial stage of the testing process.
Possible Challenges of Using Checklists in Testing
We’ve already talked about the many benefits of checklist-based testing, but like any testing technique, it comes with a set of potential pitfalls. When you are thinking about upgrading your QA processes, consider the following challenges:
- Modern software products require regular improvements and updates. That is why, in order to be able to fully cover the newly introduced software features, testing checklists also need to be regularly updated.
- QA engineers interpret checklists using their own experience and knowledge, which is why there can potentially be different approaches to running the tests indicated in the same checklist. A complex, advanced testing checklist can also produce different outcomes in terms of repeatability.
- This test design technique is not always usable in software testing and not always appropriate in every single stage of the software development life cycle.
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Common Myths About Checklist-Based Software Testing
There are several definitions of checklist-based testing and even more approaches to performing these tests, which can only add to the confusion among QA engineers. The confusion can sometimes lead to several myths and misconceptions forming around this type of testing. Below we uncover the four most common myths and whether they have anythCommon Myths About Checklist-Based Software Testingng to do with reality.
Myth #1: Checklist-based testing is the same as exploratory testing
There are definitely some similarities between the nature of these two types of testing. However, unlike checklist-based testing, exploratory testing is not documented. Moreover, these two types of testing have different goals and approaches. For example, exploratory testing uses testing tours for maximum effectiveness, whereas checklist-based testing does not.
Myth #2: When using checklist-based testing, you need to create user stories for the functionality that is being tested
In reality, testing checklists typically do not give you much space to document the detailed results of testing. Moreover, user stories are usually created before the product is created, while the checklist-based testing technique is commonly used after the product is released.
Myth #3: Documenting the tests under checklist-based testing should be structured according to the test case attributes
The checklist test design technique is based either on creating a checklist from scratch or on updating an existing one. The job of the QA engineer is to keep its structure close to the original one without altering it too much, and it definitely should not expand to a test case.
Myth #4: Anyone can do checklist-based testing on any given product
The QA engineer’s experience with a specific software product is more important than their experience with software testing in general. Because of that, an essential requirement for a successful outcome of checklist-based testing is the engineer’s familiarity with the product’s specifications and requirements. It’s also vital to know when and where it’s best to use checklist-based testing, although the same can be said about every type of software testing.
Using Testing Checklists in Test Automation
Having already talked at length about the use of software quality assurance checklists, we also need to mention one of the hottest topics of the testing community of the past decade — automation testing. So, is it possible to automate testing using checklists, how does this software testing technique impact the anticipated results of testing, and how to implement checklists on your automation project?
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Benefits of Using Checklists in Automation Testing
Here is why your QA team needs to consider adding checklists to their automation testing routine.
Improved consistency and repeatability
Checklists help establish uniformity across tests by specifying each function that should be automated. This reduces the risk of skipping critical functions, providing confidence that all necessary features are tested consistently.
Efficient test case creation
A checklist defines essential features and requirements, simplifying the process of writing automation scripts. Instead of creating scripts from scratch for each functionality, engineers can follow the checklist to ensure efficiency while covering all test scenarios.
Simplified maintenance
Automated test suites can grow complex, and checklists make it easier to update test cases. By following a defined list of requirements and scenarios, you can quickly locate and adjust specific tests as the application changes, maintaining test relevance over time.
How to Use Checklist-Based Testing in Automation
Automation testing is a resource-intensive task that requires a lot of skills and preparation to go the right way. Here are a few tips and best practices for implementing checklists in your automation testing process.
- Define checklist items. Identify core functionalities, edge cases, and specific conditions each automation script needs to test.
- Translate checklist to automated tests. Design an automated test for each checklist item to confirm that it meets the expected outcomes. For even higher efficiency, consider modular scripts that can be reused.
- Run and validate against the checklist. Execute tests and verify results against the checklist. Track progress by marking off completed items and identifying discrepancies for adjustments.
- Regularly update the checklist. As requirements shift, update both the checklist and scripts to stay aligned with the latest needs. This keeps automation relevant and responsive to changes.
- Incorporate test data variability. Introduce different test data variations to validate each checklist item thoroughly. Varying test data helps assess application stability and performance across a wide range of scenarios, making the automation suite more resilient and reliable.
Final Thoughts
Checklist-based testing should be viewed as a supplementary testing technique, not a standalone testing method. Like any other test design technique, it has its own advantages and drawbacks. This is why a QA engineer should start by preparing all the available test criteria if they want to make the most of this technique.
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